Ikoreshwa ryububiko bwingufu zo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi: Kumeneka kwa tekinike
Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bihinduka inzira nyamukuru, ibyifuzo byibikorwa remezo byihuta, byizewe, kandi birambye biragenda byiyongera.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (ESS)zirimo kugaragara nk'ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo gushyigikira amashanyarazi ya EV, gukemura ibibazo nka gride ya gride, ingufu nyinshi zisabwa, hamwe no guhuza ingufu zishobora kubaho. Mu kubika ingufu no kuyigeza neza kuri sitasiyo zishyuza, ESS yongera imikorere yo kwishyuza, igabanya ibiciro, kandi ishyigikira icyatsi kibisi. Iyi ngingo yibanze muburyo bwa tekiniki yubuhanga bwo kubika ingufu zo kwishyuza EV, gushakisha ubwoko bwabo, uburyo, inyungu, imbogamizi, hamwe nigihe kizaza.
Ububiko bw'ingufu ni ubuhe bwo kwishyuza EV?
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za chargisiyo ya EV ni tekinoroji ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi ikayirekura kuri sitasiyo yumuriro, cyane cyane mugihe gikenewe cyane cyangwa mugihe amashanyarazi ari make. Izi sisitemu zikora nka buffer hagati ya gride na charger, bigafasha kwishyurwa byihuse, guhagarika gride, no guhuza amasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho nkizuba n umuyaga. ESS irashobora koherezwa kuri sitasiyo zishyuza, depo, cyangwa no mubinyabiziga, bitanga guhinduka kandi neza.
Intego z'ibanze za ESS mu kwishyuza EV ni:
● Imiyoboro ihamye:Kugabanya impagarara zumutwaro kandi wirinde umwijima.
● Inkunga yo Kwishyuza Byihuse:Tanga imbaraga nyinshi kuri ultra-yihuta ya charger idafite ibiciro bya gride ihenze.
● Gukora neza:Koresha amashanyarazi ahendutse (urugero, off-peak cyangwa ashobora kongerwa) kugirango yishyure.
● Kuramba:Kugwiza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zisukuye no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
Tekinoroji Yububiko Bwibanze bwo Kwishyuza EV
Tekinoroji nyinshi yo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mugukoresha amashanyarazi, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye ijyanye na porogaramu zihariye. Hasi aha harambuye ibisobanuro birambuye kumahitamo akomeye:
1. Bateri ya Litiyumu-Ion
● Incamake:Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion (Li-ion) yiganje muri ESS yo kwishyuza EV kubera ubwinshi bwingufu zayo, imikorere, hamwe nubunini. Babika ingufu muburyo bwa chimique bakayirekura nkamashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi.
Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki:
● Chimie: Ubwoko busanzwe burimo Lithium Iron Fosifate (LFP) kubwumutekano no kuramba, na Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) kugirango ingufu nyinshi.
● Ubucucike bw'ingufu: 150-250 Wh / kg, ituma sisitemu yoroheje yo kwishyuza sitasiyo.
● Ubuzima bwa Cycle: 2000-5,000 cycle (LFP) cyangwa 1.000-2000 cycle (NMC), bitewe nikoreshwa.
● Gukora neza: 85-95% ingendo-ngendo zingendo (ingufu zagumishijwe nyuma yo kwishyurwa / gusohora).
Gusaba:
● Guha ingufu amashanyarazi yihuta (100-350 kW) mugihe gikenewe cyane.
● Kubika ingufu zisubirwamo (urugero, izuba) kuri gride cyangwa kwishyuza nijoro.
● Gushyigikira amato yishyuza bisi n'ibinyabiziga bitanga.
Ingero:
● Megapack ya Tesla, nini nini ya Li-ion ESS, yoherejwe kuri sitasiyo ya Supercharger kubika ingufu z'izuba no kugabanya imiyoboro ya gride.
● FreeWire's Boost Charger ihuza bateri ya Li-ion kugirango itange 200 kW yishyuza nta kuzamura gride nini.
2.Fata Bateri
● Incamake: Bateri zitemba zibika ingufu muri electrolytite zamazi, zivomerwa mumashanyarazi kugirango zibyare amashanyarazi. Bazwiho kuramba no kwipimisha.
Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki:
● Ubwoko:Bateriyeri ya Redadium Redox (VRFB)nibisanzwe, hamwe na zinc-bromine nkubundi buryo.
● Ubucucike bw'ingufu: Hasi kurenza Li-ion (20-70 Wh / kg), bisaba ibirenge binini.
● Ubuzima bwa Cycle: 10,000,000,000 cycle, nibyiza kubizunguruka kenshi.
● Imikorere: 65-85%, munsi gato kubera igihombo cyo kuvoma.
Gusaba:
● Ibinini binini byo kwishyiriraho hamwe nibisohoka buri munsi (urugero, ikamyo ihagarara).
● Kubika ingufu zo kuringaniza imiyoboro hamwe no kongera imbaraga.
Ingero:
● Invinity Energy Systems ikoresha VRFBs kuri EV zishyiraho amashanyarazi i Burayi, zishyigikira itangwa ryamashanyarazi rihoraho kumashanyarazi yihuta.
3.Supercapacitor
● Incamake: Supercapacitor zibika ingufu za electrostatike, zitanga ubushobozi bwihuse bwo gusohora no kuramba bidasanzwe ariko imbaraga nkeya.
Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki:
● Ubucucike bw'ingufu: 5-20 Wh / kg, munsi ya bateri.：5-20 Wh / kg.
● Ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi: 10-100 kWt / kg, bigafasha guturika kwingufu nyinshi zo kwishyuza byihuse.
● Ubuzima bwa Cycle: 100,000+ cycle, nibyiza kubikoresha kenshi, igihe gito.
● Imikorere: 95-98%, hamwe no gutakaza ingufu nkeya.
Gusaba:
● Gutanga amashanyarazi magufi kumashanyarazi yihuta (urugero, 350 kW +).
● Korohereza amashanyarazi muri sisitemu ya Hybrid hamwe na bateri.
Ingero:
● Supercapacator ya Skeleton Technologies ikoreshwa muri Hybrid ESS kugirango ishyigikire ingufu za EV zishyirwa mumashanyarazi.
4.Flywheels
Incamake Incamake:
●Flywheels ibika ingufu muburyo bwo kuzunguruka rotor kumuvuduko mwinshi, ikayihindura amashanyarazi ikoresheje moteri.
Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki:
● Ubucucike bw'ingufu: 20-100 Wh / kg, biringaniye ugereranije na Li-ion.
● Ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi: Bukuru, bukwiranye no gutanga amashanyarazi byihuse.
● Ubuzima bwa Cycle: 100,000+ cycle, hamwe no gutesha agaciro gake.
● Gukora neza: 85-95%, nubwo gutakaza ingufu bibaho mugihe kubera guterana amagambo.
Gusaba:
● Gushyigikira amashanyarazi byihuse mubice bifite ibikorwa remezo bidakomeye.
● Gutanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mugihe cya gride yabuze.
Ingero:
● Sisitemu ya flawheel ya Beacon Power igeragezwa mumashanyarazi ya EV kugirango ihagarike amashanyarazi.
5.Bateri ya kabiri yubuzima
Incamake Incamake:
●Batteri ya EV isezeye, ifite 70-80% yubushobozi bwumwimerere, isubizwa kuri ESS ihagaze, itanga igisubizo cyiza kandi kirambye.
Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki:
●Chimie: Mubisanzwe NMC cyangwa LFP, bitewe na EV yumwimerere.
●Ubuzima bwa Cycle: 500-1,000 byizunguruka byiyongera mubisabwa bihagaze.
●Imikorere: 80-90%, munsi gato gato ya bateri nshya.
Gusaba:
●Sitasiyo yishyuza ibiciro mu cyaro cyangwa mu majyambere.
●Gushyigikira kubika ingufu zishobora kubikwa kugirango zishyurwe.
Ingero:
●Nissan na Renault basubiramo bateri yamababi ya sitasiyo yo kwishyuza i Burayi, kugabanya imyanda nibiciro.
Uburyo Ububiko bw'ingufu bushigikira kwishyuza EV: Uburyo
ESS ihuza ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwinshi:
●Kogosha impinga:
●ESS ibika ingufu mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi (mugihe amashanyarazi ahendutse) ikayirekura mugihe gikenewe cyane, bikagabanya ingufu za gride nibisabwa.
●Urugero: Bateri ya 1 MWh Li-ion irashobora gukoresha amashanyarazi ya kilowati 350 mu masaha yo hejuru idashushanyije kuri gride.
●Amashanyarazi:
●Amashanyarazi menshi (urugero, 350 kWt) akenera ubushobozi bwa gride ikomeye. ESS itanga imbaraga zako kanya, irinda kuzamura ibiciro bihenze.
●Urugero: Supercapacitor zitanga imbaraga muminota 1-2 ultra-yihuta yo kwishyuza.
●Kwishyira hamwe gushya:
●ESS ibika ingufu zituruka kumasoko rimwe na rimwe (izuba, umuyaga) kugirango zishyurwe buri gihe, bigabanye gushingira kuri gride ishingiye kuri peteroli.
●Urugero: Superchargers ya Tesla ikoresha izuba ikoresha Megapacks kugirango ibike ingufu zizuba kumanywa kugirango ikoreshwe nijoro.
●Serivise ya Gride:
●ESS ishyigikira ibinyabiziga-kuri-Grid (V2G) kandi bigasaba igisubizo, bigatuma charger zisubiza ingufu zabitswe kuri gride mugihe kibuze.
●Urugero: Bateri zitemba mumashanyarazi zishiramo uruhare mukugenzura inshuro, kwinjiza amafaranga kubakoresha.
●Kwishyuza kuri telefone:
●Ibice bigendanwa bya ESS (urugero, romoruki ikoreshwa na bateri) itanga kwishyuza ahantu hitaruye cyangwa mugihe cyihutirwa.
●Urugero: Mobi Charger ya FreeWire ikoresha bateri ya Li-ion mugukoresha amashanyarazi ya gride.
Inyungu zo Kubika Ingufu zo Kwishyuza EV
●ESS itanga imbaraga nyinshi (350 kWt +) kuri charger, igabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza kugeza kuminota 10-20 kuri 200-300 km.
●Mu kogosha imizigo no gukoresha amashanyarazi adahari, ESS igabanya amafaranga asabwa hamwe nigiciro cyo kuzamura ibikorwa remezo.
●Kwishyira hamwe nibishobora kuvugururwa bigabanya ikirenge cya karuboni yumuriro wa EV, ugahuza nintego za net-zeru.
●ESS itanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mugihe cyacitse kandi igahindura voltage kumashanyarazi ahoraho.
Ubunini:
●Ibishushanyo mbonera bya ESS (urugero, bateri ya Li-ion ya kontineri) itanga kwaguka byoroshye uko kwishyuza byiyongera.
Inzitizi zo Kubika Ingufu zo Kwishyuza EV
Cost Ibiciro byo hejuru:
●Sisitemu ya Li-ion igura $ 300-500 / kWt, kandi nini nini ya ESS kumashanyarazi yihuta irashobora kurenga miliyoni imwe kurubuga.
●Bateri zitemba hamwe na flawheels bifite ibiciro byambere byambere kubera ibishushanyo bigoye.
Inzitizi z'umwanya:
●Ikoranabuhanga ridafite ingufu-nka bateri zitemba zisaba ibirenge binini, bigoye kuri sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho imijyi.
Ubuzima no gutesha agaciro:
●Batteri ya Li-ion igenda yangirika mugihe, cyane cyane mugihe cyamagare menshi cyane, bisaba gusimburwa buri myaka 5-10.
●Batteri yubuzima bwa kabiri ifite igihe gito cyo kubaho, igabanya igihe kirekire.
Inzitizi zibangamira amategeko:
●Imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro hamwe nogushigikira ESS biratandukana mukarere, bigoye kohereza.
●Serivise za V2G na gride zihura nimbogamizi zamasoko menshi.
● Gutanga Ingaruka Zumunyururu:
●Ibura rya Litiyumu, cobalt, na vanadium bishobora gutwara ibiciro no gutinza umusaruro wa ESS.
Ibiriho na Real-Isi Ingero
1.Kwemerwa kwisi yose
●Uburayi:Ubudage n'Ubuholandi biza ku isonga mu kwishyuza ESS, hamwe n'imishinga nka sitasiyo ikoresha imirasire y'izuba ya Fastned ikoresha bateri ya Li-ion.
●Amerika y'Amajyaruguru: Tesla na Electrify Amerika byohereje Li-ion ESS kumurongo mwinshi DC wishyuza byihuse kugirango ucunge imitwaro yimpanuka.
●Ubushinwa.
2.Ibikorwa bidashoboka
2.Ibikorwa bidashoboka
Sup Superchargers ya Tesla:Imirasire y'izuba ya Tesla-yongeyeho-Megapack muri Californiya ibika 1-2 MWh yingufu, ikoresha amashanyarazi 20+ byihuse.
● FreeWire Boost Charger:Imashini igendanwa ya 200 kW hamwe na bateri ya Li-ion ihuriweho, yoherejwe ku bicuruzwa nka Walmart nta kuzamura gride.
Bat Batteri zitemba:Ikoreshwa mu Bwongereza kwishyiriraho ububiko bwo kubika ingufu z'umuyaga, itanga ingufu zizewe kumashanyarazi ya kilowati 150.
Sisitemu ya Hybrid ya ABB:Ihuza bateri ya Li-ion hamwe na supercapacitori ya chargeri ya kilowati 350 muri Noruveje, ikaringaniza ingufu nimbaraga zikenewe.
Ibihe bizaza mububiko bwingufu zo kwishyuza EV
●Batteri izakurikiraho:
●Batteri zikomeye-Ziteganijwe: Biteganijwe muri 2027-2030, zitanga ingufu za 2x hamwe no kwishyurwa byihuse, kugabanya ingano ya ESS nigiciro.
●Bateri ya Sodium-Ion: Ihendutse kandi nyinshi kuruta Li-ion, nibyiza kuri ESS ihagaze muri 2030.
●Sisitemu ya Hybrid:
●Gukomatanya bateri, supercapacitori, hamwe na flawheels kugirango hongerwe ingufu nogutanga amashanyarazi, urugero, Li-ion yo kubika hamwe na supercapacator ziturika.
●Gukoresha ibikoresho bya AI:
●AI izahanura ibyifuzo byishyurwa, itezimbere ESS yishyurwa-isohoka, kandi ihuze nigiciro cya gride igiciro cyo kuzigama.
●Ubukungu buzenguruka:
●Bateri yubuzima bwa kabiri hamwe na progaramu ya recycling bizagabanya ibiciro nibidukikije, hamwe nibigo nka Redwood Materials biza imbere.
●Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi na mobile ESS:
●Ibice bigendanwa bya ESS hamwe nububiko bwinjizwamo ibinyabiziga (urugero, V2G ifasha EVs) bizafasha ibisubizo byoroshye, bitari kuri gride yishyurwa.
●Politiki n'ibitekerezo:
●Guverinoma zitanga inkunga yo kohereza ESS (urugero, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry’Amerika), kwihutisha iyakirwa.
Umwanzuro
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2025