Gucomeka no Kwishyuza kuri EV Kwishyuza: Kwibira cyane mubuhanga
Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bigenda bikurura isi yose, kwibanda kuburambe bwo kwishyuza bidafite kashe kandi neza. Gucomeka no Kwishyuza (PnC) ni tekinoroji yo guhindura umukino ituma abashoferi bacomeka gusa EV zabo muri charger hanyuma bagatangira kwishyuza badakeneye amakarita, porogaramu, cyangwa intoki. Ihindura kwemeza, gutanga uburenganzira, no kwishyura, itanga ubunararibonye bwabakoresha nko gushiramo amavuta moteri ikoreshwa na gaze. Iyi ngingo irasobanura ishingiro rya tekiniki, ibipimo, uburyo, inyungu, imbogamizi, hamwe nubushobozi bwa Plug na Charge.
Gucomeka no Kwishyuza ni iki?
Gucomeka no Kwishyuza ni tekinoroji yubwenge yubwenge ituma itumanaho ryizewe, ryikora hagati ya EV na sitasiyo yumuriro. Mugukuraho ibikenerwa byamakarita ya RFID, porogaramu zigendanwa, cyangwa QR yerekana scan, PnC ireka abashoferi bagatangira kwishyuza muguhuza umugozi gusa. Sisitemu yemeza ikinyabiziga, iganira ibipimo byo kwishyuza, kandi ikanishyura - byose mumasegonda.
Intego zingenzi za Gucomeka no Kwishyuza ni:
● Ubworoherane:Inzira idafite ibibazo byerekana ubworoherane bwo gutwika imodoka gakondo.
●Umutekano:Igenzura rikomeye hamwe no kwemeza kurinda amakuru yumukoresha nubucuruzi.
●Imikoranire:Urwego rusanzwe rwo kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ibirango n'uturere.
Uburyo Gucomeka no Kwishyuza Bikora: Gucika Tekinike
Muri rusange, Gucomeka no kwishyuza bishingiye kuri protocole isanzwe (cyane cyane ISO 15118) naibikorwa remezo rusange rusange (PKI)koroshya itumanaho ryizewe hagati yimodoka, charger, na sisitemu yibicu. Dore ibisobanuro birambuye kubyububiko bwa tekiniki:
1. Ibipimo ngenderwaho: ISO 15118
ISO 15118, Imodoka-Kuri-Itumanaho Itumanaho (V2G CI), ni inkingi ya Plug na Charge. Irasobanura uburyo EV na sitasiyo zishyuza zitumanaho:
● Igice gifatika:Amakuru yoherejwe hejuru ya kabili yo kwishyuza ukoreshejeItumanaho ry'umurongo w'amashanyarazi (PLC), mubisanzwe ukoresheje HomePlug Icyatsi cya PHY protocole, cyangwa ukoresheje ikimenyetso cya Pilote (CP).
● Urwego rusaba:Gukemura ibyemezo, kwishyuza ibipimo byumushyikirano (urugero, urwego rwimbaraga, igihe bimara), hamwe nuburenganzira bwo kwishyura.
● Inzego z'umutekano:Ikoresha Umutekano wo Gutwara Abantu (TLS) hamwe nicyemezo cya digitale kugirango ubone itumanaho ryihishe, ridafite itumanaho.
ISO 15118-2 (ikubiyemo kwishyuza AC na DC) na ISO 15118-20 (gushyigikira ibintu bigezweho nko kwishyiriraho ibiciro) nuburyo bwambere bushoboza PnC.
2. Ibikorwa Remezo rusange rusange (PKI)
PnC ikoresha PKI gucunga ibyemezo bya digitale nibiranga umutekano:
● Impamyabumenyi ya Digital:Buri kinyabiziga na charger bifite icyemezo cyihariye, gikora nkindangamuntu, gitangwa nuwizeweIkigo cyemeza (CA).
● Urunigi rw'impamyabumenyi:Igizwe numuzi, hagati, hamwe nicyemezo cyibikoresho, bikora urunigi rwizewe.
● Igikorwa cyo Kugenzura: Iyo uhuze, ibinyabiziga na charger byemeza ibyemezo kugirango byemeze, byemeza gusa ibikoresho byemewe kuvugana.
3. Ibigize sisitemu
● Imashanyarazi (EV):Bifite ibikoresho bya ISO 15118 byujuje ibyangombwa byitumanaho hamwe na chip itekanye yo kubika ibyemezo.
●Sitasiyo yo Kwishyuza (EVSE):Ibiranga module ya PLC hamwe na enterineti yo guhuza ibinyabiziga nigicu.
●Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwishyuza (CPO):Gucunga imiyoboro yo kwishyuza, kwemeza ibyemezo no kwishura.
●Serivisi itanga serivisi (MSP): Kugenzura konti zabakoresha no kwishura, akenshi kubufatanye nabakora amamodoka.
● V2G PKI Centre:Ibibazo, kuvugurura, no gukuraho ibyemezo kugirango ubungabunge umutekano wa sisitemu.
4. Akazi
●Guhuza umubiri:Umushoferi acomeka umugozi wumuriro mumodoka, hanyuma charger ishyiraho umuyoboro witumanaho ukoresheje PLC.
● Kwemeza:Imodoka na charger bihana ibyemezo bya digitale, kugenzura indangamuntu ukoresheje PKI.
● Ibiganiro bya Parameter:Ikinyabiziga kivuga ibyo gikeneye kwishyurwa (urugero, ingufu, imiterere ya bateri), kandi charger yemeza imbaraga zihari nibiciro.
● Uruhushya no kwishyuza:Amashanyarazi ahuza CPO na MSP akoresheje igicu kugirango agenzure konti yumukoresha kandi yemererwe kwishyuza.
● Kwishyuza Bitangiye:Gutanga amashanyarazi biratangira, hamwe nigihe gikurikiranwa cyamasomo.
● Kurangiza no Kwishura:Iyo kwishyuza birangiye, sisitemu ihita ikemura ubwishyu, bisaba ko hatabaho interineti.
Ibyingenzi bya tekiniki
1. Itumanaho: Itumanaho ry'umurongo w'amashanyarazi (PLC)
●Uburyo Bikora:PLC yohereza amakuru hejuru yumurongo wamashanyarazi, ikuraho ibikenewe kumirongo yitumanaho itandukanye. HomePlug Icyatsi kibisi PHY ishyigikira 10 Mbps, ihagije kubisabwa ISO 15118.
●Ibyiza:Yoroshya igishushanyo mbonera kandi igabanya ibiciro; ikorana na AC na DC kwishyuza.
●Inzitizi:Umugozi wubuziranenge hamwe na electromagnetic kwivanga birashobora kugira ingaruka kubwizerwa, bikenera insinga nziza kandi nziza.
2. Inzira z'umutekano
●Encryption ya TLS:Amakuru yose arahishwa ukoresheje TLS kugirango wirinde gutega amatwi cyangwa kunyereza.
●Imikono ya Digital:Ibinyabiziga na charger birasinya ubutumwa hamwe nurufunguzo rwihariye kugirango tumenye ukuri nubunyangamugayo.
●Gucunga ibyemezo:Impamyabumenyi isaba ivugurura ryigihe (mubisanzwe buri myaka 1-2), kandi ibyemezo byavanyweho cyangwa byangiritse bikurikiranwa hakoreshejwe urutonde rwo gukuraho ibyemezo (CRL).
●Inzitizi:Gucunga ibyemezo mubipimo birashobora kuba bigoye kandi bihenze cyane cyane mukarere no mubirango.
3. Imikoranire nuburinganire
●Inkunga yambukiranya ibicuruzwa:ISO 15118 ni igipimo cyisi yose, ariko sisitemu zitandukanye za PKI (urugero, Hubject, Gireve) zisaba igeragezwa ryimikorere kugirango habeho guhuza.
●Itandukaniro ry'akarere:Mugihe Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi bifata ISO 15118, amasoko amwe n'Ubushinwa akoresha ubundi buryo (urugero, GB / T), bigoye guhuza isi.
4. Ibiranga iterambere
●Igiciro cyiza:PnC ishyigikira ibiciro nyabyo byahinduwe bishingiye kubisabwa na grid cyangwa igihe cyumunsi, guhitamo ibiciro kubakoresha.
●Kwishyuza Byerekezo (V2G):ISO 15118-20 ituma Imodoka-Kuri-Imikorere ikora, yemerera EV kugaburira ingufu kuri gride.
●Kwishyuza Wireless:Ibihe bizaza birashobora kwagura PnC kuri sisitemu yo kwishyuza.
Inyungu zo Gucomeka no Kwishyuza
Ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha:
● Kurandura gukenera porogaramu cyangwa amakarita, gukora kwishyuza byoroshye nko gucomeka.
● Gushoboza kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ibirango n'uturere bitandukanye, kugabanya gucamo ibice.
Gukora neza n'ubwenge:
● Ihindura inzira, igabanya igihe cyo gushiraho no kuzamura ibiciro bya charger.
● Shyigikira ibiciro bigenda neza na gahunda yubwenge kugirango uhindure imikoreshereze ya gride.
Security Umutekano ukomeye:
● Itumanaho ryibanga hamwe nicyemezo cya digitale bigabanya uburiganya no kutubahiriza amakuru.
● Irinde kwishingikiriza kuri kode rusange ya Wi-Fi cyangwa QR, kugabanya ingaruka z'umutekano wa interineti.
● Ibipimo bizaza:
● Ihuza hamwe na tekinoroji igaragara nka V2G, kwishyurwa na AI, hamwe na sisitemu yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bigatanga inzira ya gride nziza.
Ibibazo byo gucomeka no kwishyuza
●Ibiciro Remezo:
●Kuzamura umurage wumurage kugirango ushyigikire ISO 15118 na PLC bisaba ibyuma bikomeye nishoramari ryibikoresho.
●Kohereza sisitemu ya PKI no gucunga ibyemezo byongera amafaranga yo gukora.
●Inzitizi zo gukorana:
●Guhindagurika mubikorwa bya PKI (urugero, Hubject na CharIN) birashobora guteza ibibazo bihuza, bisaba guhuza inganda.
●Porotokole itari isanzwe ku masoko nk'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani bigabanya uburinganire bw'isi.
Inzitizi zo kurera abana:
●Ntabwo EV zose zishyigikira PnC hanze yisanduku; moderi ishaje irashobora gukenera hejuru yikirere cyangwa ibyuma bisubiramo ibyuma.
●Abakoresha barashobora kutamenya PnC cyangwa bafite impungenge zerekeye ubuzima bwite bwumutekano n'umutekano.
Management Icyemezo cyo gucunga ibyemezo:
●Kuvugurura, gukuraho, no guhuza ibyemezo mubice byose bisaba sisitemu yinyuma.
●Impamyabumenyi yatakaye cyangwa yangiritse irashobora guhagarika kwishyuza, bisaba guhitamo kugaruka nkuburenganzira bushingiye kuri porogaramu.
Ibiriho na Real-Isi Ingero
1. Kwemerwa kwisi yose
● Uburayi:Hubject's Plug & Charge platform ni nini nini ya ecosystem ya PnC, ishyigikira ibirango nka Volkswagen, BMW, na Tesla. Ubudage bwategetse ISO 15118 kubahiriza amashanyarazi mashya guhera mu 2024.
America Amerika y'Amajyaruguru:Umuyoboro wa Supercharger wa Tesla utanga uburambe busa na PnC ukoresheje indangamuntu yimodoka no guhuza konti. Ford na GM barimo gusohora moderi ISO 15118.
●Ubushinwa:Amasosiyete nka NIO na BYD ashyira mubikorwa ibikorwa bisa mumiyoboro yabyo, nubwo bishingiye kubipimo bya GB / T, bigabanya imikoranire yisi yose.
2. Gushyira mu bikorwa
●Indangamuntu ya Volkswagen. Urukurikirane:Moderi nka ID.4 na ID.Buzz ishyigikira Plug na Charge ukoresheje urubuga rwa We Charge, ihujwe na Hubject, ituma kwishyuza bidasubirwaho kuri sitasiyo ibihumbi zi Burayi.
Tesla:Sisitemu yihariye ya Tesla itanga uburambe busa na PnC muguhuza konti zabakoresha nibinyabiziga kugirango byemezwe kandi byishyurwe.
Amashanyarazi Amerika:Umuyoboro munini wo kwishyuza rusange muri Amerika ya Ruguru watangaje inkunga ya ISO 15118 mu 2024, ikubiyemo amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC.
Igihe kizaza cyo gucomeka no kwishyuza
● Kwihutisha ubuziranenge:
●Gukwirakwiza hose ISO 15118 bizahuza imiyoboro yishyuza kwisi yose, bigabanye itandukaniro ryakarere.
●Amashyirahamwe nka CharIN hamwe na Open Charge Alliance atwara ibizamini byo guhuza ibicuruzwa.
Kwishyira hamwe na Emerging Technologies:
●Kwaguka kwa V2G: PnC izafasha kwishyiriraho ibice byombi, guhindura EV mububiko bwa gride.
●Gukwirakwiza AI: AI irashobora gukoresha PnC guhanura uburyo bwo kwishyuza no guhitamo ibiciro no gutanga ingufu.
●Kwishyuza Wireless: Porotokole ya PnC irashobora guhuza nogukoresha amashanyarazi adafite ingufu kumihanda no mumihanda minini.
Kugabanya ibiciro n'ubunini:
●Umusaruro mwinshi wa chip hamwe nuburyo bwo gutumanaho byitezwe kugabanya ibiciro byibyuma bya PnC 30% -50%.
●Gushigikira leta nubufatanye bwinganda bizihutisha kuzamura umurage wumurage.
Kubaka Abakoresha Icyizere:
●Abakora amamodoka nabakora bagomba kwigisha abakoresha inyungu za PnC nibiranga umutekano.
●Uburyo bwo kwemeza gusubira inyuma (urugero, porogaramu cyangwa NFC) bizaca icyuho mugihe cyinzibacyuho.
Igihe kizaza cyo gucomeka no kwishyuza
Gucomeka no Kwishyuza ni uguhindura imashanyarazi ya EV mugutanga uburambe, butekanye, kandi bunoze. Yubatswe ku gipimo cya ISO 15118, umutekano wa PKI, n'itumanaho ryikora, ikuraho ubushyamirane bwuburyo bwa gakondo bwo kwishyuza. Mugihe imbogamizi nkigiciro cyibikorwa remezo hamwe n’imikoranire ikiriho, inyungu zikoranabuhanga-zitezimbere ubunararibonye bwabakoresha, ubunini, hamwe noguhuza hamwe na gride yubwenge - bishyira nkibuye ryimfuruka yibidukikije bya EV. Mugihe ubuziranenge no kwemerwa byihuta, Gucomeka no Kwishyuza byiteguye guhinduka uburyo bwambere bwo kwishyuza bitarenze 2030, bigatuma ihinduka rigana ahazaza kandi harambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2025